IOSR-JEF   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2020

Abstract: The scarcity of resources has often made governments to search for sources to augment the available funds for developmental purposes. This scenario necessitate the need to borrow funds with a view to promote economic growth. This study evaluates the impact of such borrowings by government and allied institutions on the economic development of Nigeria over 56 years (1960 – 2015). The study employs an error correction model (ECM) to estimate the relationship. It observes that there is a positive correlation between the proxy for domestic debt and economic development while the proxy for domestic debt service payment is negative and significant. This suggests that domestic debt is contributing to the advancement of the economy while the repayment has inverse relationship with economic growth. The proxy for external debt and external debt service payment were negative though insignificant. The result calls for a significant change in the source of public debt from external sources to domestic sources. Government should look inwards to fund budget deficit while serious efforts should be put in place to reduce the external debt burden.

Abstract: The study assessed the impact of income inequality on poverty in Nigeria spanning the period of 1986 to 2018. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to carry out this objective. Findings from the study revealed that income inequality significantly contributed to the rising poverty in Nigeria, increasing poverty by 75%. Similarly, unemployment and the rising inflation exacerbated the poverty situation in the country. Conversely, growth in per capita income dampened the negative effect of poverty over the period of study. To tackle the pervasive income inequality, the study recommended improved distribution of human capital, a well-targeted social protection, while expanding the coverage of the government's social investment program to capture more unemployed people.

Keywords: Income inequality, Poverty, Per Capita Income, Unemployment, Nigeria

Abstract: Background: COVID 19 a tragic to human culture. which leads the roaming economy at a stay. Pepole are self issolated or quarantined. A virus that made the financial crises now leading to the great recession. Which is causing fear to human culture not only throughs it virus but also affecting in a psychological manner. The 213 countries and terriotories has faced these virus. It effects the stock market, no buisness is taking place. Crude oil rates have crashed. Due to high increase of demands in products but shortage in supply leads to increase of price and people facing inflation there purchasing power are coming down and that been effect GDP. People have fear as they are unaware when this panedimic is going to end and where the economy stands and when this all be stable like earlier days.

Key Word: COVID 19; Financial Crisies; Economic crises; Recession

Abstract: Exchange rate movement has been a key issue bedevilling developing economies which in turn have implication for imports to meet the diverse needs of the growing populace. In this regard, the study presents a comparative study on the empirical analysis of the impact of exchange rate movement and import demand on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 2003 to 2017. Applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework, this paper uncovers the existence of both short run and long run relationship between exchange rate movements and import demand for Nigeria. In the short-run imports move towards their equilibrium when there is a disturbance. The results from the ARDL model show a negative ECM value suggesting that there exists long run relationship among the variables. The highly significant error correction terms show that following a shock, about 7% of the adjustment would be corrected back to the long run equilibrium on annual basis implying adjustment is slow in the process. The recommendation from the study is that, policymakers should give due attention to promoting policies that propel international trade. Pragmatic trade policies should be ensured to better regulatory and monitoring systems as it relates to tariffs, waivers, quota etc. that will keep a stable relationship with her trading partners for a sustained period.

Keywords: Exchange rate, Import demand, Economic Growth, Cointegration

Abstract: Previous studies on board diversity and firm diversification have concentrated on large sized firms in America, Western Europe and Asia with no conclusive evidence on the relationship between board demographics and firm financial diversification and majorly utilized static panel multivariate regressions. Due to differences in country specific factors and level of market development, this study was an attempt to fill this gap by utilizing both static and dynamic multivariate panel regression analysis in Kenya. Agency Theory, free cash flow hypothesis and Resource Based View theory provided theoretical framework.The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the relationship between diversity of board and firm financial diversification. Longitudinal research design was used in the study.Research revealed that experience diversity positively and significantly influenced geographic assets while interlock directorship and nationality diversities negatively and significantly determined investments in geographic assets.Future studies could examine relationship between Board diversity and firm financial diversification mediated by EBIT

Abstract: In earlier time when the financial reforms were under taken by the Government of India based on the Narasimham Committee report 1 & 2, Reserve Bank of India proposed some prudential norms to address the credit monitoring policy, which were being followed by the banks and other NBFCs. The Indian banking sector has been playing a vital role in the economic growth for near about 200 years. Banking sector enables transferring of financial resources from households to investors and thus boosts economic growth. Moreover, the banks also create money supply by the process of bank credit which is a passage of monetary policy transmission as well. These loans and advances given by banks to investors in hope of future income are treated as assets for the banks

Key Word: Public sector Banks, Private sector Banks, Non- Performing Asset, Standard Asset, Doubtful Asset, Sub-standard Asset, Loss Asset, Fiscal year

Abstract: Money in modern times has evolved from coins, bank notes to digital currency. Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a crucial financial software system. Cryptocurrency, a digital mode of payment has potential to change the financial markets due to its cryptographic technology and its peer to peer network system, but its legal status and regulations vary from country to country due to central government's view on it. Cryptocurrencies have various functions and have eliminated third party involvement such as banks from the transaction process. This paper attempts to comprehensively research on cryptocurrency regulations, trend analysis of few popular cryptocurrency and a complete risk and volatility analysis to know whether cryptocurrencies can be used as another mode of currency..

Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Digital currency; Blockchain; Bitcoin; Dogecoin

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the detail effect of trade on unemployment by investigating data from 34 OECD countries with mathematical calculations, analytical data tests, and graphical proof. We established the result using panel data regressions. The mathematical model formulation was developed by taking the values of different variables for those countries. Some analyses, tests, and graphical presentations were made to get a clear idea about how the trade is making some significant relationships between these countries. To exemplify the model, we made a correlation to see the association with Labor Market Institution, Product Market Regulations, Output Gap, Trade openness, Export, Import, and GDP. A significant relation has been found applying this correlation. To see whether the fixed effect model or random effect model is appropriate for our model, we used the Hausman test. From the scatterplot......

Keywords: Unemployment, Trade, Export, Import, Product market regulations, Labor market institutions, panel-data, Employment protection legislation, Trade openness.

Abstract: In a federal state like India, the state governments are generating the revenue on its own mainly in two forms like own tax revenue and own nontax revenue. Thus this study is mainly aimed to examine the growth of states' revenue from its own sources in both NSCS (18) and SCS(11) in India during the period 1990-91 to 2018-19. Further, it also attempts to examine the share of SOTR and the in total states own revenue in India during the study period .This study further analyses the pattern of states own revenue of the Southern states and the and the newly developed states and the share of total SOTR and SONTR. The basic data is drawn from Handbook....

Keywords: States Own Tax Revenue (SOTR), States Own Non Tax Revenue (SONTR), Non Special Category States (NSCS), Special Category States (SCS), Linear Growth Rates, Share of States' Own Revenue

Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to provide a comparative picture of inter- district infrastructure and economic development in Himachal Pradesh. It is based on district level secondary data. In order to measure the inter-district disparities in infrastructure and economic development, the indicators have been identified and composite index of Infrastructure and economic development has been formed by using first principal component for two time of periods.